Catalyst composition for production of rigid polyurethane foam and isocyanurate-modified rigid polysurethane foam and raw-material composition containing the same

ABSTRACT

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam excellent in storage stability in the case that water is contained as a blowing agent, and a raw material-blended composition using the same. In the present invention, a catalyst composition comprising the following amine compounds of (A) and (B) and/or (C) is used and further, a raw material-blended composition further containing a polyol component and water is used. 
 
(A) A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following general formula (1):  
                 
 
wherein each of R 1  to R 3  represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R 4  represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 4.8 or less; 
(B) A hydrophobic amine compound; (C) A heterocyclic tertiary amine compound.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition used inproducing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam, a raw material-blended composition containingthe catalyst composition, a polyol component and water, and a processfor producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam by reacting the raw material-blended compositionwith a polyisocyanate.

BACKGROUND ART

Since rigid polyurethane foams and isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foams are excellent in heat insulation andself-adhesiveness, they are widely used as heat-insulating materials forelectric refrigerator, building materials, and the like. The rigidpolyurethane foams and isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foams tobe used for these applications are generally obtained by a method ofmixing, with a polyisocyanate, a raw material-blended composition havingmixed therewith a polyol component, a blowing agent, a catalyst, a foamstabilizer and the other additives, and causing a blowing reaction. Inmany cases, a raw material-blended composition for producing the rigidpolyurethane foam and the isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foamis stored for from several weeks to three months until the actual useafter blending. Namely, since the raw material-blended composition isused after the passage of several weeks to three months from itsblending, the storage stability becomes the issue.

Dichloromonofluoroethane (HCFC-141b) currently used as a blowing agentfor the rigid polyurethane foams or isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foams has a problem of ozone-layer destruction. Therefore,as a next-generation blowing agent instead thereof, hydrofluorocarbon(hereinafter sometimes referred to as HFC) without destroying an ozonelayer is lined up as a substitute. As HFC, there are tetrafluoroethane(HFC134a), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa),1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC365mfc),1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC227ea), and the like.

Moreover, a low-boiling hydrocarbon (hereinafter sometimes referred toas HC) without destroying an ozone layer is also regarded as a strongsubstitute. As examples of such a hydrocarbon (HC), hydrocarbons havinga boiling point of −30 to 70° C. are used. As specific examples thereof,there are known propane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, andmixtures thereof.

However, in the case of using a conventional catalyst, there is aproblem that a raw material-blended composition containing such ablowing agent is poor in storage stability.

Moreover, in order to obtain a low-density foam, water is used as ablowing agent other than HC and HFC. In the case of using water, carbondioxide formed in the reaction of water with a polyisocyanate componentis utilized as a blowing component. Furthermore, it is also possible touse HC or HFC in combination with water.

However, in the case that water which generates a blowing component iscontained in the raw material-blended composition, there is a problem ofparticularly poor storage stability of the raw material.

The reaction of forming a rigid polyurethane foam mainly comprises aurethane group-forming reaction by the reaction of a polyol with apolyisocyanate (resinification reaction) and a urea group-formingreaction by the reaction of a polyisocyanate with water (blowingreaction). Moreover, the reaction of forming an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam comprises an isocyanurate ring-forming reactionby trimerization of a polyisocyanate (isocyanurate reaction) in additionto the above two kinds of reactions. The catalyst to be used in thesereactions exerts large influence on not only the reaction rate but alsothe thermal conductivity of the foam, the curing rate of the foamsurface, adhesive strength, moldability, dimensional stability, physicalproperties, and the like. Industrially, a viewpoint of storage stabilityis particularly important.

In this connection, for the reason of improving flame retardancy andphysical properties, an aromatic polyester polyol obtained byesterification of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid is frequently used as apolyol component for rigid polyurethane foam and/orisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam products.

Conventionally, as a catalyst for producing rigid polyurethane foams, acompound of particularly promoting the resinification reaction and/orblowing reaction is used. As such a catalyst, an organometallic compoundor a tertiary amine compound has been hitherto used. For example, as thetertiary amine compound as the catalyst for producing polyurethane foamsto be used industrially, there are known compounds such astriethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, andN,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.

Moreover, as a catalyst for producing isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foams, there are known organometallic catalysts such asalkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, metal alcoholates, metalphenolates, and metal hydroxides, tertiary amines, tertiary phosphines,onium salt compounds of phosphorus, quaternary ammonium salts, and thelike as catalysts of particularly promoting the isocyanurate-formingreaction. Of these, alkali metal salts such as potassium acetate andpotassium 2-ethylhexanoate, quaternary ammonium salt-based catalystssuch as quaternary hydroxyalkyltrimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate salt,S-triazine compounds such as1,3,5-tris(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydro-S-triazine, and specifictertiary amines such as 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol are widelyused because of high isocyanurate-forming activity. Furthermore, as thequaternary ammonium salts, tetraalkylammonium salts such astetraalkylammonium organic acid salts are known (see, for example,Patent Document 1 for tetraalkylammonium organic acid salts).

However, in the case of using these catalysts for producing rigidpolyurethane foams and isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foams,there is a problem that a polyester polyol in a raw material-blendedcomposition is tend to be hydrolyzed in the present of water or ablowing agent containing water and an amine-based catalyst, and thus thestorage stability of the raw material-blended composition decreases toresult in impossible preparation of normally blown products. For solvingthe problem, an improvement of the polyol component and influences offlame retardant and catalyst have been investigated but a sufficientsolution has not yet been proposed (see, for example, Non-PatentDocument 1 for storage stability of raw material-blended compositions).

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3 012897

Non-Patent Document 1: MCADAMS et al., “Stabilization of rigid SystemsContaining Aromatic Polyester Polyol and Water”, Polyurethane Conference2002, Conference Proceedings, Page 3 to 8.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

As mentioned above, a raw material-blended composition for producingrigid polyurethane foams and isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethanefoams is frequently stored for from several weeks to three months afterits blending. However, with regard to the raw material-blendedcompositions containing water, which is an inexpensive andenvironmentally less problematic blowing agent, or a specifichydrocarbon (HC) and/or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based blowing agent,there arise problems such as a decreased storage stability as well asdeteriorated surface brittleness (friability), insufficient adhesivenessto face materials, decreased dimensional stability of foams, anddeteriorated flame retardancy, in the rigid polyurethane foam andisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam products producedtherefrom.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, andobjects thereof are to provide a catalyst composition capable ofenhancing storage stability of a raw material-blended compositioncontaining water or a blowing agent composed of water and specific HCand/or HFC, and a polyester polyol by inhibiting the hydrolysis of thepolyester polyol in the raw material-blended composition, a rawmaterial-blended composition containing the catalyst composition, and aprocess for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or anisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam using the rawmaterial-blended composition.

As a result of extensive studies for solving the above problems, thepresent inventors have found that, in the raw material-blendedcomposition containing water or a blowing agent composed of water andspecific HC and/or HFC, particularly, the hydrolysis of a polyesterpolyol is remarkably improved and thus the storage stability of the rawmaterial-blended composition is enhanced by using a catalyst compositioncontaining an amine compound having specific structure and properties,as well as foam physical properties of the resulting rigid polyurethanefoam and/or isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam are excellent.Thus, they have accomplished the present invention.

Namely, the present invention relates to a catalyst composition forproducing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam, a raw material-blended composition using thesame, and a process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or anisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam using the same, asmentioned below.

[1] A catalyst composition for producing a rigid polyurethane foamand/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam comprising atleast the following amine compounds of (A) and (B):

(A) a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following generalformula (1):

wherein each of R₁ to R₃ represents a saturated or unsaturatedhydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R₄ represents an alkylgroup or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, andX represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant(pKa) of 4.8 or less, provided that any two of R₁ to R₃ may togetherform a hetero ring through a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogenatom;

(B) one or two or more hydrophobic amine compounds selected from thegroup consisting of N-methyldicyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine,N,N-dimethyloctylamine, N,N-dimethylnonylamine, N,N-dimethyldecylamine,N,N-dimethylundecylamine, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine,N,N-dimethyltridecylamine, N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine,N,N-dimethylpentadecylamine, N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine,N,N-dimethylheptadecylamine, N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine,N-methyldioctylamine, N-methyldinonylamine, N-methyldidecylamine,N-methyldiundecylamine, N-methyldidodecylamine, N-methylditridecylamine,N-methylditetradecylamine, N-methyldipentadecylamine,N-methyldihexadecylamine, N-methyldiheptadecylamine, andN-methyldioctadecylamine.

[2] The catalyst composition according to the above [1], wherein theorganic acid constituting the quaternary ammonium salt represented bythe general formula (1) is formic acid and/or acetic acid.

[3] The catalyst composition according to the above [1], wherein thequaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (1) is oneor two or more salts selected from the group consisting oftetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium formate,tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium formate,tetrapropylammonium acetate, tetrapropylammonium formate,tetrabutylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium formate,methyltriethylammonium acetate, methyltriethylammonium formate,methyltripropylammonium acetate, methyltripropylammonium formate,methyltributylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium formate,trimethyldodecylammonium formate, and trimethyldodecylammonium acetatequaternary ammonium salts.

[4] The catalyst composition according to any one of the above [1] to[3], which further contains the following amine compound of (C):

(C) one or two or more heterocyclic tertiary amine compounds selectedfrom the group consisting of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole,1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, andN-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine.

[5] A catalyst composition for producing a rigid polyurethane foamand/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam comprising atleast the following amine compounds of (A) and (C):

(A) a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following generalformula (1):

wherein each of R₁ to R₃ represents a saturated or unsaturatedhydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R₄ represents an alkylgroup or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, andX represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant(pKa) of 4.8 or less, provided that any two of R₁ to R₃ may togetherform a hetero ring through a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogenatom;

(C) one or two or more heterocyclic tertiary amine compounds selectedfrom the group consisting of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole,1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, andN-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine.

[6] The catalyst composition according to the above [5], wherein theorganic acid constituting the quaternary ammonium salt represented bythe general formula (1) is formic acid and/or acetic acid.

[7] The catalyst composition according to the above [5] or [6], whereinthe quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (1) isone or two or more salts selected from the group consisting oftetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium formate,tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium formate,tetrapropylammonium acetate, tetrapropylammonium formate,tetrabutylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium formate,methyltriethylammonium acetate, methyltriethylammonium formate,methyltripropylammonium acetate, methyltripropylammonium formate,methyltributylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium formate,trimethyldodecylammonium formate, and trimethyldodecylammonium acetatequaternary ammonium salts.

[8] A raw material-blended composition for producing a rigidpolyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethanefoam comprising a polyol component, water, and the catalyst compositionaccording to any one of the above [1] to [7].

[9] The raw material-blended composition according to the above [8],which further contains one or two or more compounds selected from thegroup consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoroprpane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoroprpane,1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, propane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane,and hexane.

[10] The raw material-blended composition according to the above [8] or[9], which contains an aromatic polyester polyol as the polyolcomponent.

[11] A process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or anisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises mixing apolyisocyanate with the raw material-blended composition according toany one of the above [8] to [10] and reacting them.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the catalyst composition of the present invention, it is essentialthat the organic acid constituting the quaternary ammonium saltrepresented by the above general formula (1) is an organic acid havingan acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 4.8 or less. The organic acidhaving an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 4.8 or less is notparticularly limited, but examples thereof include organic acids such asaliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acids, aliphatic unsaturatedmonocarboxylic acids, aliphatic polycarboxylic acids, acids having anacidic OH group, and aromatic carboxylic acids. Specifically, there areexemplified isovaleric acid, formic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid,chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid,trichloroacetic acid, trimethylacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid,bromoacetic acid, methoxyacetic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, iodoaceticacid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, 2-chloropropionic acid,3-chloropropionic acid, levulinic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid,vinylacetic acid, methacrylic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid,oxaloacetic acid, citric acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, oxalicacid, d-tartaric acid, tartaric acid (meso), suberic acid, sebacic acid,fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, ascorbic acid, reductic acid,reductone, o-anisic acid, m-anisic acid, p-anisic acid, benzoic acid,cinnamic acid, naphthoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid,phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, mandelic acid, andthe like. Of these, particularly preferred are formic acid and/or aceticacid.

In the case that an organic acid having an acid dissociation constant(pKa) exceeding 4.8 is used as the organic acid constituting thequaternary ammonium salt represented by the above (A), the polyolcomponent (polyester polyol) contained in the raw material-blendedcomposition is tend to be hydrolyzed and it is likely that the storagestability of the raw material-blended composition decreases to result inimpossible preparation of normally foamed products.

In the present invention, examples of the quaternary ammonium saltrepresented by the above general formula (1) specifically includetetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium formate,tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium formate,tetrapropylammonium acetate, tetrapropylammonium formate,tetrabutylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium formate,methyltriethylammonium acetate, methyltriethylammonium formate,methyltripropylammonium acetate, methyltripropylammonium formate,methyltributylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium formate,trimethyldodecylammonium formate, and trimethyldodecylammonium acetate,and one or two or more thereof can be used.

In the present invention, the above hydrophobic amine compound of (B) isan amine compound whose solubility in 100 g of water is 0.1 g or less.Specific examples thereof include N-methyldicyclohexylamine,N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyloctylamine, N,N-dimethylnonylamine,N,N-dimethyldecylamine, N,N-dimethylundecylamine,N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, N,N-dimethyltridecylamine,N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, N,N-dimethylpentadecylamine,N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine, N,N-dimethylheptadecylamine,N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine, N-methyldioctylamine, N-methyldinonylamine,N-methyldidecylamine, N-methyldiundecylamine, N-methyldidodecylamine,N-methylditridecylamine, N-methylditetradecylamine,N-methyldipentadecylamine, N-methyldihexadecylamine,N-methyldiheptadecylamine, and N-methyldioctadecylamine, and one or twoor more thereof can be used.

In the present invention, of the above compounds, preferred areN-methyldicyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine,N,N-dimethyloctylamine, N,N-dimethylnonylamine, N,N-dimethyldecylamine,N,N-dimethylundecylamine, and N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, and particularlypreferred are N-methyldicyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine,N,N-dimethyloctylamine, N,N-dimethyldecylamine, andN,N-dimethyldodecylamine.

In the present invention, in the case that an amine compound whosesolubility in 100 g of water exceeds 0.1 g is used, the polyol componentin the raw material-blended composition is tend to be hydrolyzed and itis likely that the storage stability of the raw material-blendedcomposition decreases to result in impossible preparation of normallyfoamed products.

The catalyst composition of the present invention may contain theheterocyclic tertiary amine compound represented by the above (C) inaddition to the above amine compounds of (A) and/or (B). In the catalystcomposition containing them, since the hydrolysis of the polyolcomponent becomes difficult to occur in the system where the componentis present together with the above amine compounds of (A) and (B), a rawmaterial-blended composition excellent in storage stability is obtained.

As the heterocyclic tertiary amine compound represented by the above(C), there are specifically mentioned 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole,1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxypropyl)piperazine,N-methyl-N′-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine,N-(2-hydroxypropyl)morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, andN-ethylmorpholine, and one or two or more thereof can be used.

In the present invention, of the above compounds, preferred are1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, andN-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine. Since these heterocyclic tertiary aminecompounds inhibit the hydrolysis of the polyester polyol contained inthe raw material-blended liquid, the storage stability of the rawmaterial blend can be further enhanced.

In the catalyst composition of the present invention, in the case thatthe above amine compounds of (A) and (B) are used in combination, inaddition to the improvement of the storage stability of the rawmaterial-blended composition, there is obtained a flowability-improvingeffect of the rigid polyurethane foam and isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam which have been subjected to the blowing reaction.

Moreover, in the catalyst composition of the present invention, theabove amine compounds of (A) and (C) can be also used in combination. Inthe case that the above amine compounds of (A) and (C) are used incombination, in addition to the improvement of the storage stability ofthe raw material-blended composition, there is obtained anadhesiveness-improving effect between the rigid polyurethane foam andisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam which have been subjectedto the blowing reaction and a face material.

Furthermore, in the catalyst composition where the amine compounds of(A), (B), and (C) are used in combination, in addition to theimprovement of the storage stability of the raw material-blendedcomposition, there is obtained an adhesiveness and flowability-improvingeffect of the rigid polyurethane foam and isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam which have been subjected to the blowing reaction.

The mixing ratio of the above individual amine compounds in the catalystcomposition of the present invention is not particularly limited but isusually in the range of (A)/(B)/(C)=5 to 90/5 to 90/10 to 90 (weightratio).

In the catalyst composition of the present invention, other catalyst maybe used in combination within the range that does not depart from theadvantages of the present invention. As the other catalyst, conventionaltertiary amines and the like can be mentioned, for example.

The conventional tertiary amines are not particularly limited, butexamples thereof include N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine,N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-propylenediamine,N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine,N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine,N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-dipropylenetriamine,N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylguanidine,1,3,5-tris(N,N-dimethylamino-propyl)hexahydro-S-triazine,1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7, N,N′-dimethyl-piperadine,bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, 1-dimethylaminopropyl-imidazole, andthe like. Moreover,1,3,5-tris(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydro-S-triazine,2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, and the like can be also used,which have high catalytic activity and nurate activity, and thus canreduce a total amount of the catalysts to be used.

In the catalyst composition of the present invention, a conventionalcatalyst for polyisocyanurate formation may be used as the othercatalyst within the range that does not depart from the advantages ofthe present invention. The conventional catalyst for polyisocyanurateformation is not particularly limited but, other than the above tertiaryamines, there can be used quaternary ammonium salts, organometalliccatalysts, tertiary phosphines, onium salt compounds of phosphorus, andthe like.

The quaternary ammonium salts are not particularly limited, but examplesthereof include tetraalkylammonium halides such as tetramethylammoniumchloride, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammoniumhydroxide, trialkylhydroxypropylammonium organic acid salts such as2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium formate and2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.Moreover, there are also mentioned trimethyl-2-hydroxypropyl-basedquaternary ammonium 2-ethylhexanoates (see, for example, JP-A-52-17484),which have high catalytic activity and nurate activity and thus canreduce a total amount of the catalysts to be used, andhydroxyalkyl-based quaternary ammonium organic acid salts such astrimethyl-2-hydroxypropyl-based quaternary ammonium formate,trimethyl-2-hydroxypropyl-based quaternary ammonium acetate, quaternaryammonium salts obtained by the reaction ofN,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine/propyleneoxide/2-ethylhexanoic acid=1/1/1 by mol (see, for example,JP-A-10-017638), tetraalkylammonium organic acid salts such astetramethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate and methyltriethylammonium2-ethylhexanoate, tetraalkylammonium carbonates such as quaternaryammonium carbonates obtained by the reaction ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine/dimethyl carbonate=1/1.5 bymol (see, for example, JP-A-11-199644), and the like.

Moreover, the organometallic catalyst is not particularly limited, butexamples thereof include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, such aspotassium acetate and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, stannous diacetate,stannous dioctoate, stannous dioleate, stannous dilaurate, dibutyltinoxide, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltindichloride, dioctyltin dilaurate, lead octanoate, lead naphthenate,nickel naphthenate, and cobalt naphthenate, or lithium, sodium, andpotassium salts of carboxylic acids, such as potassium acetate andalkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, such as potassium2-ethylhexanoate.

In the present invention, in addition thereto, there can be also usedtrialkylhydroxypropylammonium organic acid salts such as2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, tetraalkylammoniumorganic acid salts such as methyltriethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, andhydroxyalkyl-based quaternary ammonium organic acid salts such asquaternary ammonium salts obtained by the reaction ofN,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine/propyleneoxide/2-ethylhexanoic acid=1/1/1 by mol (e.g., cf JP-A-10-017638),tetraalkylammonium carbonates such as quaternary ammonium carbonatesobtained by the reaction ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine/dimethyl carbonate=1/1.5 bymol (see, for example, JP-A-11-199644),1,3,5-tris(N,N-dimethyl-aminopropyl)hexahydro-S-triazine, and2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol.

The raw material-blended composition of the present invention comprisesa polyol component and water in addition to the above catalystcomposition.

The amount of the catalyst composition to be used in the rawmaterial-blended composition of the present invention is notparticularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 15 partsby weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. If the amountis 0.5 part by weight or less, the reaction rate is tend to decrease andthe productivity is tend to be poor. If the amount is 15 parts by weightor more, the polyester polyol is tend to be hydrolyzed. In thisconnection, in the case that the other catalyst is used in combinationwith the amine compounds of the (A) to (C), the amount of the othercatalyst is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight and inthe range of 1 to 20 parts by weight in total including the aminecompounds of the (A) to (C), per 100 parts by weight of the polyolcomponent.

The polyol component to be used in the raw material-blended compositionof the present invention is preferably an aromatic polyester polyol orpreferably contains an aromatic polyester polyol. By using an aromaticpolyester polyol as a polyol component, a highly flame-retardant rigidpolyurethane foam and isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam canbe obtained.

The aromatic polyester polyol is not particularly limited, but examplesthereof include those obtained by the reaction of a dibasic acid and ahydroxyl compound (e.g., a glycol, etc.), those described in Keiji Iwata“Polyurethane Resin Handbook” (1st ed., 1987) Nikkan Kogyo Shimbunsha,Ltd., p. 116-117 such as DMT residue, polyester polyols starting withphthalic anhydride, wastes at Nylon production, TMP, wastes ofpentaerythritol, wastes of phthalic acid-based polyesters, polyesterpolyols derived from treatments of such waste products and the like.

In the present invention, in addition to the above, there can beexemplified those obtained by the esterification of phthalic acid,isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, and wastesthereof, aromatic dicarboxylic acids and derivative thereof from wastearticles.

In the present invention, a preferable hydroxyl value of the aromaticpolyester polyol is in the range of 150 to 450.

Examples of the dibasic acid to be used as a raw material of thepolyester polyol include adipic acid, phthalic acids, succinic acid,azelaic acid, sebacic acid, recinoleic acid, and the like. Since asatisfactory flame retardancy can be obtained, phthalic acids containingan aromatic ring are preferred.

Moreover, examples of the hydroxyl compound which forms the aromaticpolyester polyol include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol, neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol, glycerin, pentaerythritol,phenol, derivatives thereof, and the like.

With regard to the ratio of the aromatic polyester polyol in the polyolcomponent in the raw material-blended composition of the presentinvention, a sufficient flame retardancy is not obtained when the amountis too small, so that the polyester polyol is preferably contained inthe polyol component in an amount of 30% by weight or more.

As other polyols than the polyester polyol to be used in the presentinvention, for example phenol type polyols such as conventional mannichbase polyols, etc., polyester polyols, flame retardant polyols such asphosphorus-containing polyols and halogen-containing polyols, etc., andpolymer polyols may be mentioned.

As the phenol type polyols such as mannich base polyols, for example,polyether polyols obtained by mannich modification of phenol and/orderivative(s) thereof (hereinafter referred to as “mannich-modifiedpolyols”), namely polyether polyols obtained by ring-opening additionpolymerization of an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or propyleneoxide and the products obtained by mannich modification of phenol or aphenol derivative such as nonylphenol or an alkylphenol usingformaldehyde and a secondary amine such as diethanolamine, ammonia, or aprimary amine may be used. Since such a mannich-modified polyol has ahigh self-reactivity and also a relatively high flame retardancy, thereaction can be promptly proceeded at spray blowing in spray-blowingtype rigid polyurethane foam without remarkably impairing itsflame-retardant properties. However, if the ratio of themannich-modified polyol in the polyol component exceeds 70% by weight,it is likely that the flame retardant properties become worse.Therefore, in the case of using the mannich-modified polyol, the ratioin the polyol component is usually 70% by weight or less, preferably inthe range of 20 to 50% by weight.

Moreover, as the polyester polyol, for example, polyester polyolcompounds obtained by ring-opening addition polymerization of analkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to an initiatordifferent from the mannich-modified polyol, such as ethylenediamine,tolylenediamine, sucrose, an aminoalcohol, or diethylene glycol may beused. However, if the ratio of the polyester polyol in the polyolcomponent exceeds 70% by weight, it is likely that the flame retardantproperties become worse, so that the ratio in the polyol component isusually 70% by weight or less, preferably in the range of 20 to 50% byweight.

Furthermore, as the flame-retardant polyols such asphosphorus-containing polyols and halogen-containing polyols, forexample, phosphorus-containing polyols obtained by addition of analkylene oxide to a phosphorus compound, halogen-containing polyolsobtained by ring-opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin ortrichlorobutylene oxide, halogen-containing polyols such as brominatedpentaerythritol/sucrose type polyols and tetrabromophthalic polyesters,phenol polyols such as mannich-base polyols, and the like may bementioned. However, if the ratio of the flame retardant polyol in thepolyol component exceeds 70% by weight, the flame retardant propertiesare improved but smoke emitting properties become worse, so that theratio in the polyol component is usually 70% by weight or less,preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by weight.

The raw material-blended composition of the present invention comprisesat least water as a component for blowing.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the blowing is caused bycarbon dioxide generated from the reaction between water and apolyisocyanate compound when water is added to the raw material-blendedcomposition.

The blowing agent in the present invention may be only carbon dioxideformed by the addition of water, but specific HC and/or HFC can be usedin combination therewith.

Examples of HFC include 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoroprpane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoroprpane,1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, and the like. It is preferable to use oneor two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of thesecompounds. Of these, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoroprpane, and1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane are particularly preferred.

As HC, it is usually preferred to use a hydrocarbon having a boilingpoint of −30 to 70° C. As specific examples thereof, it is preferable touse one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting ofpropane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, and mixtures thereof.

In the present invention, in the case that specific HC and/or HFC areused in combination, the amount of water to be used as a blowing agentis usually in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably in therange of 1 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the polyolcomponent. If the amount of water to be used is smaller than the range,blowing is insufficient and thus lowering of the density of the foamcannot sufficiently be achieved and also it is likely that it becomesdifficult to obtain an effect of reducing the amount of HC and/or HFC tobe used. On the other hand, if the amount of water to be used exceedsthe above range, remarkable blowing may occur and hence handling becomesdifficult as well as it is likely that a problem of hydrolysis of thepolyester polyol may arise. Therefore, in the case that specific HCand/or HFC are used in combination, usually, water is used in an amountof 0.5 to 20 parts by weight and HC and/or HFC are used in an amount of2 to 40 parts by weight, preferably water is used in an amount of 1 to20 parts by weight and HC and/or HFC are used in an amount of 2 to 40parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

In the present invention, in the case that HC and/or HFC are not used incombination with water, water is preferably used in an amount of 3 to 20parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

The raw material-blended composition of the present invention maycontain the other additives within the commonly employed ranges so longas the advantages of the present invention can be obtained. As suchadditives, for example, a foam stabilizer, a flame retardant, across-linking agent, a chain-extender, or the like are mentioned.

In the present invention, a surfactant may be used as a foam stabilizer,if necessary. As the surfactant to be used, organic silicone-basedsurfactants are mentioned, for example. Specifically, there areexemplified nonionic surfactants such as organosiloxane-polyoxyalkylenecopolymers, silicone-grease copolymers or mixtures thereof. The amountthereof to be used is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts byweight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol.

Moreover, the raw material-blended composition of the present inventionmay contain a flame retardant, if necessary. The flame retardant to beused is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include reactiveflame retardants such as phosphorus-containing polyols, e.g.,propoxylated phosphoric acid obtained by addition reaction betweenphosphoric acid and an alkylene oxide, or propoxylateddibutylpyrophosphate; tertiary phosphate esters such as tricresylphosphate; halogen-containing tertiary phosphate esters such astris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris(chloropropyl) phosphate;halogen-containing organic compounds such as dibromopropanol,dibromoneopentyl glycol or tetrabromobisphenol A; inorganic compoundssuch as antimony oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate oraluminum phosphate; and the like. Since the content thereof variesdepending on flame retardancy required, it is not particularly limited,but the content is preferably in the range of 4 to 20 parts by weightper 100 parts by weight of the polyol.

In the present invention, a cross-linking agent or a chain extender maybe used, if necessary. Examples of the cross-linking agent or chainextender include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol,1,4-butanediol or glycerin, low molecular weight amine polyols such asdiethanolamine or triethanolamine, polyamines such as ethylenediamine,xylylenediamine or methylene-bis-orthochloroaniline, and the like.

In the present invention, a coloring agent, an antiaging agent, and theother known additives may also be used, as the case requires. The typesand amounts of such additives may usually be within the commonly emplyedranges.

In the process of the present invention, a rigid polyurethane foamand/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam are produced bymixing a polyisocyanate with the above raw material-blended compositionand subsequently reacting them.

In the process of the present invention, the polyisocyanate is notparticularly limited, but as the polyisocyanate, for example, one or twoor more compounds of aromatic polyisocyante compounds such asdiphenylmethane diisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate, alicyclicpolyisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, aliphaticpolyisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the like can beused. In this connection, the isocyanate index of the polyisocyanate inthe present invention is usually 70 or more, and the index is preferablyin the range of 70 to 120 in the case of producing rigid polyurethanefoam products and preferably in the range of 120 to 500 in the case ofproducing isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam products.

In the case that a rigid polyurethane foam and/or anisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam are produced using the rawmaterial-blended composition of the present invention, the foam can beproduced by rapidly mixing and stirring the above raw material-blendedcomposition and the polyisocyanate and subsequently pouring theresulting mixture into an appropriate vessel or mold to carry out moldedblowing. The mixing and stirring may be performed by means of a generalstirrer or an exclusive polyurethane foaming machine. As thepolyurethane foaming machine, high-pressure, low-pressure, and sprayingtype instruments can be employed.

The rigid polyurethane foam and/or isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam of the present invention thus obtained preferably havea core density of 10 to 100 kg/m³. If the core density exceeds 100kg/m³, a combustible component increases and the flame retardancydeteriorates and further the cost increases. If the core density is lessthan 10 kg/m³, strength properties become poor.

The products produced by the process of the present invention can beused in various applications. As applications of the products, forexamples, heat-insulating materials and structuring materials inbuilding fields and civil engineering fields, heat-insulating materialsof freezer, refrigerators, freezing showcases, and the like in electricappliance field, heat-insulating materials of LPG or LNG tankers andpipelines in plant fields and ship field, and heat-insulating materialsof cold boxes and freezer trucks in automobile fields may be mentioned.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is described more specifically with reference tothe following examples and comparative examples, but the presentinvention is not limited to these examples only.

In the following examples and comparative examples, the measuring methodof each measuring item is as follows.

Measuring Item for Reactivity:

Gel time: the time required for changing a liquid material into aresinous material through the progress of reaction was measured.

Core Density of Foam:

A central part of a foam subjected to a free-rised foaming in a 2 Lpolyethylene cup was cut into a size of 70 mm×70 mm×200 mm, and the sizeand weight thereof were accurately measured to calculate core density.

Flowability of Foam:

A mixed raw material in a given amount was poured into a mold made ofaluminum having a size of 110×30×5 cm and foamed, and then the length(cm) of the resulting foam was measured. The longer the foam is, themore excellent in flowability the foam is.

Dimensional Stability of Foam:

A central part of a foam subjected to a free-rised foaming in a 2 Lpolyethylene cup was cut into a size of 70 mm×70 mm×200 mm and then adegree of change in the thickness direction was measured underconditions of 20° C.×1 month.

Adhesive Strength of Foam:

A free-rised foaming was carried out in a 2 L polyethylene cup. A platemade of SUS304 having a size of 5 cm×5 cm was set on the upper surfaceof a foam. After 1 hour of foaming, 90° peeling strength of the setplate made of SUS304 was measured. The peeling strength was defined asthe adhesive strength of the foam.

Preparation Example 1 Production of Catalyst Al (Solution of 50% oftetraethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethylene glycol)

An aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (1 mol) was chargedinto a flask and, while the solution was cooled so as to maintain it atroom temperature, acetic acid (1 mol) was added thereto to obtain atetraethylammonium acetate salt. Thereafter, ethylene glycol was addedas a solvent so as to be a predetermined concentration and then waterwas removed by evaporation using an evaporator to obtain a solution of50% of tetraethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethylene glycol.

Preparation Example 2 Production of Catalyst A2 (Solution of 50% oftetramethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethylene glycol)

A solution of 50% of tetramethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethyleneglycol was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1except that an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (1 mol)was used instead of the aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution.

Preparation Example 3 Production of Catalyst A3 (Solution of 50% oftetramethylammonium formate and 50% of ethylene glycol)

A solution of 50% of aqueous tetramethylammonium formate and 50% ofethylene glycol was obtained in the same manner as in PreparationExample 2 except that formic acid (1 mol) was used instead of aceticacid.

Preparation Example 4 Production of Catalyst H (Solution of 50% ofmethyltriethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate and 50% of ethylene glycol)

Triethylamine (1 mol), diethyl carbonate (1.5 mol), and methanol (2 mol)as a solvent were charged into a stirring-type autoclave, and the wholewas reacted at the reaction temperature of 110° C. for 12 hours toobtain a methanol solution of methyltriethylammonium carbonate.2-Ethylhexanoic acid (1 mol) was charged thereto and ethylene glycol wasadded as a solvent so as to be a predetermined concentration.Thereafter, a solution of 50% of methyltriethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoateand 50% of ethylene glycol was obtained by removing carbon dioxide andmethanol produced as by-products by an evaporator.

Preparation Example 5 Production of Catalyst Cl[1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole]

2-Methylimidazole (1 mol) and methanol as a solvent were charged into astirring-type autoclave, and propylene oxide (1 mol) was reactedtherewith at a reaction temperature of 80° C. to 140° C. Thereafter, bypurification through distillation, 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazolewas obtained.

Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9

A raw material-blended liquid was prepared with a formulation shown inTable 1 or 2. The weight ratio of the raw material-blended liquid and apolyisocyanate was determined so as to result in a predeterminedisocyanate index and they were subjected to blowing reaction by stirringat the liquid temperature of 20° C. at 6000 to 9000 rpm for 3 secondsusing a laboratory mixer to produce an isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam.

GT (gel time) at that time was visually measured. The gel time wasdefined as initial reactivity. Moreover, on the resultingisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam, the core density,dimensional stability, and adhesive strength were measured. Then, thescale of the raw materials was increased and molded foaming was carriedout in the same manner by placing the raw materials in a mold whosetemperature was regulated to 40° C. After 10 minutes from the time whenthe mixed liquid was placed therein, the resulting foam was removed fromthe mold. The flowability of the foam was evaluated based on the moldedfoam.

Then, the above raw material-blended composition containing the aminecompound was placed in an airtight container and the whole was allowedto stand at 50° C. for 7 days. Thereafter, GT at the time when thecomposition was mixed with an isocyanate at the liquid temperature of20° C. to carry out foaming in the same manner was measured. The GT wasdefined as reactivity after storage. These results are shown in Tables 1and 2. TABLE 1 Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Blend Raw Polyol¹⁾ 100 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 formulation material- Flame retardant²⁾15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 (part by wt.) blended Foam stabilizer³⁾1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 liquid Catalyst Amine CatalystA1⁴⁾ 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 — — — — 3.2 — Composition compound Catalyst A2⁵⁾ —— — — 3.1 4.8 3.1 — — 3.5 (A) Catalyst A3⁶⁾ — — — — — — — 4.0 — — AmineCatalyst B1⁷⁾ 1.7 — — — — — — 1.7 0.8 — compound (B) Catalyst B2⁸⁾ — — —— — — 1.6 — — 1.6 Amine Catalyst C1⁹⁾ — 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 — — — 0.9 —compound Catalyst C2¹⁰⁾ — — — — — 1.5 — — — 1.0 (C) Catalyst D¹¹⁾ — — —— — — — — — — Catalyst E¹²⁾ — — — — — — — — — — Catalyst F¹³⁾ — — — — —— — — — — Catalyst G¹⁴⁾ — — — — — — — — — — Catalyst H¹⁵⁾ — — — — — — —— — — Blowing agent A¹⁶⁾ 3.0 3.0 — — 3.0 — 3.0 3.0 3.0 — Blowing agentB¹⁷⁾ — — 4.0 — — — — — — — Blowing agent C¹⁸⁾ — — — 5.0 — — — — — —Water 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 .0. 3.0 3.0 6.0 Polyisocyanate¹⁹⁾ 208 208208 208 208 299 208 208 208 299 Isocyanate Index 200 200 200 200 200 200200 200 200 200 Initial Reactivity GT (second) 30 31 30 30 29 32 30 3229 33 Reactivity after storage GT (second) 31 31 30 30 29 32 31 33 30 35GT change ratio (%) 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 3.0 3.4 6.0 Core density(kg/m³) 28.1 27.9 27.8 28.4 28.0 28.6 28.1 27.4 27.6 28.9 Flowability(cm) 82.6 74.1 73.6 73.9 74.5 77.2 81.6 83.3 80.4 78.5 Dimensionalstability (%) −0.5 −0.3 −0.6 −0.2 −0.4 −0.9 −0.4 −0.6 −0.4 −0.4 Adhesivestrength (kg/cm²) 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.8¹⁾Waste PET-based polyester polyol (OH value = 241 mg KOH/g)manufactured by Oxid L.P.²⁾Trischloropropyl phosphate (trade name: Fyrol PCF) manufactured byAkzo Nobel K.K.³⁾Silicone-based surfactant (trade name: SZ-1627) manufactured by NipponUnicar Co., Ltd.⁴⁾Solution of 50% of tetraethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁵⁾Solution of 50% of tetramethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁶⁾Solution of 50% of tetramethylammonium formate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁷⁾N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)⁸⁾N-Methyldicyclohexylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co.,Ltd.)⁹⁾1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole (synthesized product)¹⁰⁾70% of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 30% of ethylene glycol (trade name:TOYOCAT-DM70) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation¹¹⁾1-Isobutyl-2-methylimidazole manufactured by Nippon Nyukazai Co.,Ltd.¹²⁾75% of N,N,N-trimethyl-N-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, 25%of diethylene glycol (trade name: DABCO-TMR) manufactured by AirProducts and Chemicals¹³⁾75% of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, 25% of diethylene glycol (tradename: DABCO-K15) manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals¹⁴⁾N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylhexamethylenediamine (trade name: TOYOCAT-MR)manufactured by Tosoh Corporation¹⁵⁾Methyltriethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate (synthesized product)¹⁶⁾HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) manufactured by CentralGlass Co., Ltd.¹⁷⁾HFC-365mfc (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane) manufactured by Solvay¹⁸⁾Zeonsolve HP (cyclopentane) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Corporation¹⁹⁾Polymeric MDI (trade name: MR-200, NCO content = 31.0%) manufacturedby Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.

TABLE 2 Comparative Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Blend Raw Polyol¹⁾ 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 formulation material- Flameretardant²⁾ 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 (part by wt.) blended Foamstabilizer³⁾ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 liquid CatalystAmine Catalyst A1⁴⁾ — — — — — — — 5.8 3.2 — composition compoundCatalyst A2⁵⁾ — — — — — — — — — — (A) Catalyst A3⁶⁾ — — — — — — — — — —Amine Catalyst B1⁷⁾ — — — — — — — — — 1.7 compound (B) Catalyst B2⁸⁾ — —— — — — — — — — Amine Catalyst C1⁹⁾ — — — — — — — — — — compoundCatalyst C2¹⁰⁾ — — — — — — — — — — (C) Catalyst D¹¹⁾ — — — — 2.2 — — — —— Catalyst E¹²⁾ — — 4.2 — — 4.2 — — — 4.2 Catalyst F¹³⁾ — — — 3.0 3.0 —3.0 — — — Catalyst G¹⁴⁾ — — — — — 1.1 1.1 — 1.1 — Catalyst H¹⁵⁾ 2.8 5.0— — — — — — — — Blowing agent A¹⁶⁾ 3.0 — 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 — 3.0 3.0Blowing agent B¹⁷⁾ — — — — — — — — — — Blowing agent C¹⁸⁾ — — — — — — —— — — Water 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 Polyisocyanate¹⁹⁾208 299 208 208 208 208 208 299 208 208 Isocyanate Indx 200 200 200 200200 200 200 200 200 200 Initial Reactivity GT (second) 30 28 30 30 28 2828 28 28 28 Reactivity after storage GT (second) 41 64 42 42 41 56 57 3136 36 GT change ratio (%) 36.7 128.6 40.0 40.0 46.4 100.0 103.6 10.728.6 28.6 Core density (kg/m³) 32.4 32.4 32.9 28.4 27.8 32.4 28.4 28.327.9 32.4 Flowability (cm) 69.9 67.8 69.9 78.8 74.7 64.7 74.1 80.9 74.564.8 Dimensional stability (%) −0.5 −4.2 −1.2 −4.3 −1.2 −1.3 −1.5 −0.9−0.9 −0.9 Adhesive strength (kg/cm²) 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.60.9¹⁾Waste PET-based polyester polyol (OH value = 241 mg KOH/g)manufactured by Oxid L.P.²⁾Trischloropropyl phosphate (trade name: Fyrol PCF) manufactured byAkzo Nobel K.K.³⁾Silicone-based surfactant (trade name: SZ-1627) manufactured by NipponUnicar Co., Ltd.⁴⁾Solution of 50% of tetraethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁵⁾Solution of 50% of tetramethylammonium acetate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁶⁾Solution of 50% of tetramethylammonium formate and 50% of ethyleneglycol (synthesized product)⁷⁾N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)⁸⁾N-Methyldicyclohexylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co.,Ltd.)⁹⁾1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole (synthesized product)¹⁰⁾70% of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 30% of ethylene glycol (trade name:TOYOCAT-DM70) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation¹¹⁾1-Isobutyl-2-methylimidazole manufactured by Nippon Nyukazai Co.,Ltd.¹²⁾75% of N,N,N-trimethyl-N-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, 25%of diethylene glycol (trade name: DABCO-TMR) manufactured by AirProducts and Chemicals¹³⁾75% of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, 25% of diethylene glycol (tradename: DABCO-K15) manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals¹⁴⁾N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylhexamethylenediamine (trade name: TOYOCAT-MR)manufactured by Tosoh Corporation¹⁵⁾Methyltriethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate (synthesized product)¹⁶⁾HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) manufactured by CentralGlass Co., Ltd.¹⁷⁾HFC-365mfc (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane) manufactured by Solvay¹⁸⁾Zeonsolve HP (cyclopentane) manufactured by Zeon Corporation¹⁹⁾Polymeric MDI (trade name: MR-200, NCO content = 31.0%) manufacturedby Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.

As is apparent from Table 1, examples 1 to 10 are the examples, whereinthe amine compounds (A) and (B) and/or (C) are used in combination asthe catalysts. And each of them showed small decrease of reactivityafter storage and also a GT change ratio of 10% or less. Moreover, theresulting foams have core density, flowability, dimensional stability,and adhesive strength, all of which fall within preferable ranges.

To the contrary, as is apparent from Table 2, comparative examples 1 to10 are the examples, wherein the amine compounds (A) and (B) and/or (C)are not used in combination as the catalyst. And each of them showedlarge decrease of reactivity after storage.

For example, comparative examples 1 to 4 are the examples, wherein noquaternary ammonium salt compound using an organic acid showing pKa ofthe present invention is used as the catalyst composition. And each ofthem showed slower GT after storage and poor storage stability. Inparticular, in comparative example 2, the GT change ratio after storageexceeded 100% and the time required for reactive curing was twice thatbefore storage, so that the case was not suitable in practical use.

Moreover, in comparative examples 6 and 7 using no above amine compoundsof (A) to (C), the GT change ratio after storage exceeded 100% and thetime required for reactive curing was twice that before storage, so thatthe case was not suitable in practical use.

Furthermore, in comparative example 8 using the above amine compound of(A), the decrease of reactivity and decrease of adhesiveness afterstorage were observed.

While the present invention has been described in detail and withreference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to oneskilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No.2003-338661 filed on Sep. 29, 2003, and the contents are incorporatedherein by reference.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

In a raw material-blended composition for producing a rigid polyurethanefoam and/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam comprisinga polyol component and water, the catalyst composition of the presentinvention can enhance storage stability of the raw material-blendedcomposition with inhibiting the hydrolysis of the polyol.

Moreover, according to the present invention, since the amount of HCand/or HFC to be used as a blowing agent other than water can bereduced, a process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or anisocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam can be provided, which canenhance environmental safety and economical efficiency and wherein theraw material-blended composition is excellent in storage stability,flame retardancy, and practical use.

Furthermore, the rigid polyurethane foam and isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam produced using the catalyst composition and rawmaterial-blended composition of the present invention are excellent inflowability of foam and adhesive strength.

1. A catalyst composition for producing a rigid polyurethane foam and/oran isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam comprising at least thefollowing amine compounds of (A) and (B): (A) a quaternary ammonium saltrepresented by the following general formula (1):

wherein each of R₁ to R₃ represents a saturated or unsaturatedhydrocarbon group having I to 12 carbon atoms, R₄ represents an alkylgroup or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, andX represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant(pKa) of 4.8 or less, provided that any two of R₁ to R₃ may togetherform a hetero ring through a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogenatom; (B) one or two or more hydrophobic amine compounds selected fromthe group consisting of N-methyldicyclohexylamine,N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyloctylamine, N,N-dimethylnonylamine,N,N-dimethyldecylamine, N,N-dimethylundecylamine,N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, N,N-dimethyltridecylamine,N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, N,N-dimethylpentadecylamine,N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine, N,N-dimethylheptadecylamine,N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine, N-methyldioctylamine, N-methyldinonylamine,N-methyldidecylamine, N-methyldiundecylamine, N-methyldidodecylamine,N-methylditridecylamine, N-methylditetradecylamine,N-methyldipentadecylamine, N-methyldihexadecylamine,N-methyldiheptadecylamine, and N-methyldioctadecylamine.
 2. The catalystcomposition according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid constitutingthe quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (1) isformic acid and/or acetic acid.
 3. The catalyst composition according toclaim 1, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the generalformula (1) is one or two or more salts selected from the groupconsisting of tetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium formate,tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium formate,tetrapropylammonium acetate, tetrapropylammonium formate,tetrabutylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium formate,methyltriethylammonium acetate, methyltriethylammonium formate,methyltripropylammonium acetate, methyltripropylammonium formate,methyltributylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium formate,trimethyldodecylammonium formate, and trimethyldodecylammonium acetatequaternary ammonium salts.
 4. The catalyst composition according toclaim 1, which further comprises the following amine compound of (C):(C) one or two or more heterocyclic tertiary amine compounds selectedfrom the group consisting of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole,1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, andN-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine.
 5. A catalyst composition for producing arigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modified rigidpolyurethane foam comprising at least the following amine compounds of(A) and (C): (A) a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the followinggeneral formula (1):

wherein each of R₁ to R₃ represents a saturated or unsaturatedhydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R₄ represents an alkylgroup or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, andX represents an organic acid group having an acid dissociation constant(pKa) of 4.8 or less, provided that any two of R₁ to R₃ may togetherform a hetero ring through a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogenatom; (C) one or two or more heterocyclic tertiary amine compoundsselected from the group consisting of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole,1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylimidazole,1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole,N-methyl-N′-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, andN-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine.
 6. The catalyst composition according toclaim 5, wherein the organic acid constituting the quaternary ammoniumsalt represented by the general formula (1) is formic acid and/or aceticacid.
 7. The catalyst composition according to claim 5, wherein thequaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula (1) is oneor two or more salts selected from the group consisting oftetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium formate,tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium formate,tetrapropylammonium acetate, tetrapropylammonium formate,tetrabutylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium formate,methyltriethylammonium acetate, methyltriethylammonium formate,methyltripropylammonium acetate, methyltripropylammonium formate,methyltributylammonium acetate, methyltributylammonium formate,trimethyldodecylammonium formate, and trimethyldodecylammonium acetatequaternary ammonium salts.
 8. A raw material-blended composition forproducing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam comprising a polyol component, water, and thecatalyst composition according to claim
 1. 9. The raw material-blendedcomposition according to claim 8, which further comprises one or two ormore compounds selected from the group consisting of1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoroprpane,1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoroprpane, 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, propane,butane, pentane, cyclopentane, and hexane, as a blowing agent.
 10. Theraw material-blended composition according to claim 8, which comprisesan aromatic polyester polyol as the polyol component.
 11. A process forproducing a rigid polyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modifiedrigid polyurethane foam, which comprises mixing a polyisocyanate withthe raw material-blended composition according to claim 8, and reactingthem.
 12. A raw material-blended composition for producing a rigidpolyurethane foam and/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethanefoam comprising a polyol component, water, and the catalyst compositionaccording to claim
 5. 13. The raw material-blended composition accordingto claim 12, which further comprises one or two or more compoundsselected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoroprpane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoroprpane,1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, propane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane,and hexane, as a blowing agent.
 14. The raw material-blended compositionaccording to claim 12, which comprises an aromatic polyester polyol asthe polyol component.
 15. A process for producing a rigid polyurethanefoam and/or an isocyanurate-modified rigid polyurethane foam, whichcomprises mixing a polyisocyanate with the raw material-blendedcomposition according to claim 12, and reacting them.